Subscript in cobol with example. In otherwords, COPY provides the facility to include the layouts (copybooks) to the program in a very simple manner by using COPY command. Aug 20, 2011 · If your site uses indexes, you should exclusively use indexes. In this example, in addition to WS-I, WS-J value also get changed. cbl. index-value = ((occurrence-number - 1) * occurrence-length) + 1. Let’s assume data declaration in DATA DIVISION is, Chemical Equations: When representing chemical reactions, subscript is used to indicate the number of molecules or atoms involved. The SEARCH ALL statement is used to perform binary search on tables (or arrays). d. When more than one subscript is required, they are written in the order of successively less inclusive dimensions of the data organization. 01 MODULE-1 PIC X (8) VALUE Indicates that z/OS Debugger displays elements of a COBOL array ordered by element. Using indexes to address a table is more efficient than using subscripts since the index already contains the displacement from the start of the table and does not have to be calculated at run time. By knowing the basic differences between the two, one can code the programs efficiently in performance point of view. Example 1: Merge. It is the equivalent of substring() in other languages. The conditions are coded with WHEN; if any condition is satisfied, the statements coded under the WHEN are executed, and control transfers to the following executable statement after EVALUATE. An out-of-range reference modification component, such as a leftmost-character-position of zero, causes system message MCH0603. COBOL - COPY Statement. Inter-Programming Communication. ALL subscripting. To do so, use the OCCURS DEPENDING ON (ODO) clause. Level number 66 is reserved for renames. COBOL - Inspect Statements. NODYNAM compiler option is used (By default) DYNAM or NODLL compiler option is used. The compiler option TRUNC (OPT | STD | BIN PERFORM statement executes the statement block repeatedly. 1. Jul 21, 2015 · Here are the differences between index and subscript in COBOL. The new data names can rename across groups or elementary items. If subscripting is not specified for the operand, the reference modification is evaluated at the time subscripting would be evaluated if subscripts had been specified. Indexing. This Moves zeros to WS-NUMBER and Spaces to WS-NAME and WS-LOB. Subscript in COBOL Table - Tutorial to learn Subscript in COBOL Table in simple, easy and step by step way with syntax, examples and notes. in our example that is 2. Normal arithmetic verbs such as ADD, SUBTRACT, COMPUTE can be used with subscripts whereas an index can only be modified through SET, PERFORM, SEARCH. This can be followed immediately by subscripting where one or more of the subscripts is the word ALL. If none of the EVALUATE satisfies, the statements coded under WHEN OTHER get Aug 31, 2017 · A subscript is declared in WORKING-STORAGE whereas an index exists outside of WORKING-STORAGE. may be identified and accessed by a subscript value. Example 2: INITIALIZE WS-RECORD REPLACING NUMERIC DATA BY 9 ALPHANUMERIC DATA BY 'X'. For example, in the formula NH 3, the subscript “3” indicates that there are three hydrogen atoms. Declaration without using table concept to store 6 subject marks of a student as follows -. Evaluate verb is a replacement of series of IF-ELSE statement. Try something like: Move ExampleArray(ALL) to WS-Test However, if the corresponding data items of the two groups have identical names, then instead of using separate MOVE statement, just one MOVE statement with the CORRESPONDING option can be used. In each example the first "2" is professionally designed, and is included as part of the glyph set; the second "2" is a manual approximation using a small version of the standard "2". For example - student marks for all subjects. it is a number of occrances of array data name. The following example shows that you can code multiple WHEN phrases if several conditions should lead to the same action. When we use the search function, the function starts with the current setting of the index and it goes on until to the end of COBOL arrays are also known as tables. It will initialize array elements as COUNTRY-NAME (1) = ’India’, COUNTRY-NAME (2) = ’Japan’, COUNTRY-NAME (3) = ’Italy’ and COUNTRY-NAME (4 Jul 23, 2018 · COBOL Index and Subscript – Performance considerations. For every valid value in WS-I, WS-J value start from 1 till WS-J > 20 becomes true. 05 COUNTRY-NAME PIC X (5) OCCURS 4 TIMES. This table can be fixed length tables and Variable length tables. For example, in the above table: IF (x < 1 OR > 8) OR (y < 1 OR > 8) THEN Sub-program will be picked from load library during run time. Here the working storage variable WW-SUB-PGM contains the Sub program name. END-STRING. COBOL utilizes arrays in the form of tables to perform subscript arithmetic. The visual weight of the first "2" matches the other characters better. Doing so gives you more flexibility than using only the THRU phrase, because the conditions do not have to evaluate to values in a range nor have the same class. Oct 10, 2008 · Normaly subscript refer the occurance number of the item in array. Jan 21, 2010 · Subscripts, on the other hand, contain an occurrence number that must be converted to a displacement value at run time before it can be used. Since you always know how many there are, consider PERFORM Mar 2, 2018 · The subscript can be an integer numeric literal, an integer numeric data item or (in COBOL-85) an expression. The subscripts are defined in the working storage section with ' PIC a9(04) COMP ' . Look at your "complex" add, and find the confusion. A subscript is a positive integer whose value specifies the occurrence number of a table element. Let’s examine a simple code snippet for this: 01 SALES-TABLE. OCCURS clause is used to define a table. Up to 3 subscripts are permitted. 01 MODULE-1 PIC X (8) VALUE In COBOL, using SORT verb, sequential files can be sorted in ascending/descending order of the provided key. COBOL Sub-Program. For example - 01 WS-BINARY-VAR PIC 9(5) USAGE IS COMP. It can be used only with level numbers starting from 02 to 49. Subscripts should not be used when denoting the number of elements in a compound or the number of molecules in a reaction. For example, assume that PRODUCT-TABLE is a properly coded table of character strings. 8] OF Integer; Markindex: 1 . 5. - this division is mandatory. Prewritten source code entries can be included in a compilation unit at compile time. So when accessing WS-STUDENT (2) retrieves the data starting at Feb 18, 2015 · Feb 18, 2015 at 0:25. 01 ws-1 pic x(5) occurs 20. ADD 2 TO PEOPLE-COUNT. This above statement Moves 9 TO WS-NUMBER AND X is being moved to WS-NAME and WS-LOB. Literal Subscripts. This structure provides a "for loop" functionality that is found in many other programming languages. For example, INX-A in the following code is an index-name: 05 TABLE-ITEM PIC X(8) OCCURS 10 INDEXED BY INX-A. An index can increased and decreased by using the SET statement. Subscript range checking occurs when a program is being executed because most table elements are referenced using computed subscripts or indexes rather than numeric literals. The process involves looping through an array using a counter or index, often referred to as a subscript, to access individual elements directly. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. This is called as Subscripting. Usage Notes. It can be used for both sorted and unsorted data inside the table. You can use this command in remote debug mode. This example transfers the first 25 characters in the variable whole-name to the variable last-name. INITIALIZE once and move it to a second like-sized 01 level, then move the second 01 level to the first to initialize the fields. ws-count : Used to count the length of new concatenated string. Tip: The evaluation of an ALL subscript must result The index-value (starting position of data item) is calculated using the below formulae -. Both are used to reference an array or table element in COBOL programs. REPLACING ALPHANUMERIC DATA BY SPACES. But if the requirement is to pass some data to the subprogram then the above method is not suitable. Oct 11, 2016 · As the Micro Focus compiler and run time processor can allow an individual subscript of a multi-dimensional table to be outside the range of its own occurrence, it is recommended that checking of subscripts is always coded to ensure this situation does not occur. It is a good idea to be thoroughly familiar with both. So COBOL has provided a Phrase called USING along with the CALL verb. SET Verb. With this, required data can be sent to the sub-module. The reference modification is used for a special purpose to move part of SEARCH ALL Statement. MOVE TEMP TO C(B). One STRING statement can be written instead of a series of MOVE statements. If any condition is coded with it, the statements block gets executed until the coded condition is true. Your example code would try to move 10 bytes from ExampleArray+5. The MSG and ABD suboptions control the runtime behavior of the COBOL program when a range check fails. The trick is that the declaration of N cannot occur within the variable part of the table. The INSPECT statement is used to perform various operations on string data. DFSORT). The FILE SECTION describes the record structures of files Definition in a COBOL Program -. 01 g1. Also, the affected statements will still be executed. Hit the manuals (link at the top of the page) and try some simple examples. . The table needs to be defined with an index pharse. SEARCH is a serial search, which is used to find elements inside the table. X OCCURS 1 TO 10 TIMES DEPENDING ON Y. If a data item that has a literal subscript is of fixed length, the compiler resolves the location of the COBOL - Renames Clause. A subscript may be a positive integer or an identifier with a numeric integer PICTURE clause. 02 ele pic x(3) occurs 10 times. The following example shows valid references to SAMPLE-TABLE-THREE that use literal subscripts. Example 2: SORT. That is a variable is declared like this 01 field1. For example, the following declaration: 01 TABLE-REC. It is both inline and outline. STOP RUN. Practical Example - COBOL - Evaluate Statement. a data-name or integer to which another data-name or integer is added or subtracted). Delimited specifies the end of string. Indicates that Debug Tool displays elements of a COBOL array as they are stored in memory. 01 WS-OLD. This is the same message that signals errors in subscript ranges and character-string boundaries. Range Errors. Dec 28, 2018 · To refer to an item in a table, you should use the data-name of the table element, along with its occurence number (subscript) in parentheses. TABLE-COLUMN (2, 2, 1) TABLE-COLUMN (2 2 1) Mar 14, 2005 · SSRANGE is a cobol compiler option. A data-name subscript can be qualified; it cannot be subscripted or indexed. Instead of moving each individual elelmentary item, the MOVE CORRESPONDING statement matches elementary items of the sending and receiving groups based on their names and Sub-program will be picked from load library during run time. PERFORM with VARYING , AFTER phrases. In the example above, X is called the ODO subject, and Y is called the ODO object. For example, valid subscripted references to TABLE-THREE, assuming that SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 are all items subordinate to SUBSCRIPT-ITEM, include: You get the resulting output: HELLO WO. ws-string1 and ws-string2 : Input strings to be concatenated. INSPECT REPLACING: This format is used to replace Nov 5, 2023 · Subscripts should be placed immediately after the element symbol or molecule abbreviation. The table element data-name appended with a subscript is called a subscripted data-name or an identifier. The statements in the examples transfer the first 10 characters of the data-item referenced by WHOLE-NAME to the data-item referenced by FIRST-NAME. The DATA DIVISION of a subprogram contains three sections --FILE, WORKING-STORAGE, and LINKAGE-- while that of a (main) program contains only the first two. “Internal sort”, in turn invokes the SORT product of your system (Example. The COPY statement is a library statement that places prewritten text in a COBOL compilation unit. Line 5 : DISPLAY 'HELLO WORLD'. In the above program, if you changed the definition of SUB-STR to be: 01 SUB-STR PIC X(80) VALUE "BLAH BLAH BLAH". If you have any doubts or queries related to this chapter, get them clarified Line 4 : PROCEDURE DIVISION. You can identify call as static if CALL is coded like:-. The STRING statement is used to concatenate non-numeric items together. Data inside an array need not be in sorted order. BINARY data is declared with a PICTURE clause as with internal or external decimal data but the underlying data representation is as a halfword (2 bytes), a fullword (4 bytes) or a doubleword (8 bytes). EXAMPLE =>-- To refer an element one in the last example, we have to give NAME-DAY(1) You can refer to substrings of table entries, including variable-length entries, by using reference modifiers. EVALUATE statement in COBOL is similar to Case or Switch statements of other languages. SEARCH ALL can be used for only single-dimensional arrays. 20 CELL PIC X(1). The elements of a COBOL array are always displayed as they are The following example shows valid references to SAMPLE-TABLE-THREE that use literal subscripts. Answer / jagan kumar. Explaining Example -. The third division in a COBOL (sub)program is the DATA DIVISION, in which the data used by the (sub)program is declared/described. You can see from this example that the Store Table has 2 subscripts, which must be defined in Working-Storage: one to reference the different stores (ST-SUBSCRIPT) and one to access the monthly sales for the store (ST-SALES-SUB). Subscripts, on the other hand, contain an occurrence number that must be converted to a Learn how to use index clause in COBOL to access table elements efficiently and flexibly. WS-AREA-CODE value moved to 3rd and 4th positions of WS-FULL-PHN-NBR. Line 6 : STOP RUN. org): Indicates that z/OS Debugger displays elements of a COBOL array ordered by element. 02 MONTH-NAME PICX(9)OCCURS 12 TIMES. If your site uses subscripts, you should exclusively use subscripts. Subscript starts with number 1 and later 1 is increased every time with the help of ADD function. A subscript can be in a DISPLAY statement while an index cannot. example. Therefore, if identifier-3 or identifier-4 is used as a subscript, reference-modifier, or function argument in the STRING statement, or affects the length or location of any of the identifiers in the STRING statement, the values calculated for those subscripts, reference-modifiers, variable lengths, variable locations, and functions are not END-STRING. If you do not know before run time how many times a table element occurs, define a variable-length table. Avoid repetitive uses of the INITIALIZE statement. number it will give a Eroor. The subscript B has changed in value between the time that the first move took place and the time that the final move to C(B) is executed. Basic syntax:-. A PERFORM VARYING statement is commonly used to systematically process each element of Each element of the table can be referred using a Subscript or an index. The STRING statement strings together the partial or complete contents of two or more data items or literals into one single data item. Example. Output device can be decided based on the SYSOUT in JCL if it is a batch program. SEARCH can be used on single-dimensional and multidimensional tables. When a function allows an argument to be repeated a variable number of times, you can refer to a table by specifying the data-name and any qualifiers that identify the table. You can use VARYING on a PERFORM of a paragraph/SECTION, you don't need to wrap an in-line PERFORM around it. - DISPLAY statement used to transfer the data to the output device/screen. OCCURS clause indicates the repetition of data name definition. Nicely formatted. Following is the syntax for Renames clause. Index –> Represents the displacement of a table entry from its beginning which is being Subscript can increase by an ADD statement and decrease by using the SUBTRACT statement. In a one-dimensional table, the subscript corresponds to the row number. This will allow fullword The MSG and ABD suboptions control the runtime behavior of the COBOL program when a range check fails. To initialize the subscript, we have to use the MOVE statement. Indexes vs Subscripts use in Cobol Program - Tech Agilist. If MSG is in effect and a range check fails, a runtime warning message will be issued. Search process is slow. TABLE-COLUMN (2, 2, 1) TABLE-COLUMN (2 2 1) Micro Focus Visual COBOL; Net Express/Server Express; Look at the example program below: subscript. OFF Indicates that Debug Tool displays elements of a COBOL array ordered by element. PICTURE clause required for COMP-3 declaration. Sorting done through JCL referred to as “external sort”. It is used to re-group the data names and give a new name to them. Example:-. You should identify all the errors, then only do the adds for the good ones. 01 COUNTRY-ARRAY ‘IndiaJapanItalySpain’. Here display statement is used to diplay hardcoded value 'HELLO WORLD'. It is more efficient for large tables, provided that the table should be in sorted order (either ascending or descending) before the binary search (SEARCH ALL) applies. COBOL Compile Process. COBOL Tutorial - This COBOL tutorial provides an overview of the Phases involved in development of COBOL program, Introduction to COBOL programming and Basic and advanced concepts in COBOL programming. COBOL - Occurs Clause. Jul 23, 2018 · Index and Subscript in COBOL are the very important concepts. Now lets us look at how the table can be defined in COBOL. is equivalent to: MOVE A(B) TO TEMP. Here is an example program that works in OpenCOBOL (see OpenCobol. Use the SEARCH statement to do a serial (sequential) search beginning at the current index setting. Once the EVALUATE statement execution starts, the following things happen -. TABLE-COLUMN (2, 2, 1) TABLE-COLUMN (2 2 1) Sep 22, 2013 · You define an array in COBOL using an Occur clause. The default VS COBOL II compiler option is NOSSRANGE. It is a linear data structure that uses to store the identical data repeated multiple times. You create an index by using the INDEXED. You can use either indexes or subscripts. Array is a collection of individual data items of same type and length. Thus following example expresses the way we can use VALUE clause to assign values to array :-. Example 2 - PERFORM PARA-1 VARIYING WS-I FROM 1 BY 2 UNTIL WS-I > 10. In case of index, to refer second element of your array, it shoud contains value of displacement from the starting of the arrary. The lowest possible subscript value is 1, which references the first occurrence of a table element. 01 MONTH-TABLE. Example of subscript and superscript. Here is one better way of INITIALIZATION of a record or group item. Renames clause is used to give different names to existing data items. Click to read on INDEXED BY and KEY IS of a Table. Hit the manuals again, go back to more advanced examples. If an “out of bounds” condition occurs, a diagnostic message is generated, and the program is abnormally terminated. e. Only = operator is allowed. 1 One-dimensional array and subscript in Pascal A similar COBOL structure, usually referred to as a table, could be declared as in example 10. It can be used to evaluate more than one condition. COBOL Difference between Index & Subscript - Learn COBOL in simple and easy steps with examples including Overview, Introduction, Coding sheet, Program structure. The compiler calculates the value contained in the index as the occurrence number (subscript) minus 1, multiplied by the COBOL - Performance Tuning. An index represents a displacement value, and a subscript represents an occurrence number that must be converted to a displacement value. Subscripting. Each of the four formats works slightly differently and is described below, INSPECT TALLYING: This format is used to count occurrences of characters or strings within another string. To define a COMP-3 variable in the COBOL program, we use the USAGE IS COMP-3 clause in the DATA DIVISION. 01 WS-PDN PIC 9(5) USAGE IS COMP-3. Following are the details of the used parameters −. To modify the index setting, use the SET statement. Data inside an array should be in a sorted order. Consider these examples: In the equation 2H 2 + O 2 → 2H 2 O, the subscript “2” indicates that two molecules of hydrogen react with one molecule of oxygen to form two molecules of water. Live Demo. OCCURS clause specifies tables whose elements can be referred to by indexing or subscripting. To reference an array element, you must specify its position in the array with a subscript contained in parentheses following the array name and separated from it by a single space: MOVE ZERO TO TEMP (2). com Subscripting is a method of providing table references through the use of subscripts. However, the sending group's elementary items should match the receiving group's elementary items. For example: WS-SUB + 5. 05 ROWS OCCURS 1 TO 10 TIMES DEPENDING ON M. For example, the result of the statement: MOVE A(B) TO B, C(B). Also, the destination string must be empty before you start. . OR 01 WS-BINARY-VAR PIC 9(5) COMP. 05 M PIC S9(4) BINARY. Pointer and Overflow are optional. You can identify call as Dynamic, if call s coded like:-. means to refer second occurance we use number 2. As @Bruce Martin mentioned in the comments, you should try m-delta(1) to refer the first element in the table. Therefore, for the second occurrence of WS-STUDENT, the binary value contained in WS-IDX is ( (2 - 1) * 13) + 1 which is 14. Nov 12, 2013 · AFAIK COBOL does not have a statement to find the position of a string within a string, so that needs to be done manually. There is a "ALL" subscript concept that is supported. For Enterprise COBOL for z/OS® Version 5, the SET LIST BY SUBSCRIPT setting is ignored. EVALUATE can do multiple IF conditions task. It is optional if the statements under Definition in a COBOL Program - We use the USAGE IS COMP clause in the DATA DIVISION to define a COMP variable in the COBOL program. OCCURS clause can be specified for elementary or group item. Example 1:-. Output -. subscript is coded in working-storage section with separate variable. A subscript can have a relative value (i. For example -. The conditions in the WHEN phrase are evaluated in the order in which they appear: Example 1: INITIALIZE WS-RECORD. If none of the EVALUATE satisfies, the statements coded under WHEN OTHER get Jul 23, 2018 · COBOL Index and Subscript – Performance considerations. Usage Notes® For Enterprise COBOL for z/OS Version 5, the SET LIST BY SUBSCRIPT setting is ignored. CALL ‘SUBPGM’. You can use the initialized clause to initialize the table before using the table in program logic. WHEN "M". The elements of a COBOL array are always displayed as they are stored in memory. WS-PHONE-NBR value moved to WS-FULL-PHN-NBR from 5th position to 8 bytes. COBOL arrays are also known as tables. See full list on mainframestechhelp. Subscript Solution in COBOL. Here, SUBPGM is literal (value). In the above example: WS-COUNTRY-CODE value moved to first 2 bytes of WS-FULL-PHN-NBR. Unfortunately this method only works if you want the first 'N' characters of the literal string. The program will continue and might potentially identify other out-of-range conditions. where TEMP is defined as an intermediate result item. Any number of items can be concatenated. MOVE {CORRESPONDING | CORR} identifier-1 to identifier-2. The spaces are required in the second example. To refer to a substring of a table entry, code the subscript expression before the reference modifier. You can use a literal or a data-name as a subscript. COBOL - Occurs Depending on Clause. Advance COBOL. MOVE TEMP TO B. Reference modification examples. In Pascal we might declare an array and subscript as in example 10. BY phrase of the OCCURS clause to identify an index-name. The repetitive execution can be conditional or unconditional. In this example, WS-PDN is a variable that holds a five-digit decimal number in COMP-3 packed format. It has limitations, but it MIGHT do what you want. Sorting done through COBOL program is referred to as “internal sort”. The tables or Arrays are define using OCCURS in COBOL. The PERFORMVARYING is used to execute a specific paragraph or section repetitively while varying the value of one or more control variables. Index and Subscript in COBOL are the very important concepts. 1 VAR StudentMark : ARRAY[1 . COBOL - SEARCH Statement. However, COBOL does have a statement that counts the occurrences of a string within a string: INSPECT string TALLYING counter FOR ALL search-string. Up to 7 subscripts are permitted. 02 field2 pic x (10) occurs 10 times. The END-PERFORM is used to end the scope of the in-line PERFORM statement. The same data-name can appear as the only subscript with one item and as one of two or more subscripts with another item. 10 N PIC S9(4) BINARY. The MOVE CORRESPONDING is used to move data between two group items. 8; Example 10. BINARY data and synonyms COMP and COMP-4 are the two's complement data representation in COBOL. Performance Tuning. Search process is fast. (Sub Script Range) if you set the SSRANGE then whenever the subscript exceeds its declared. Compare it with subscript clause. working-storage section. Apr 18, 2021 · Example : CALL WW-SUB-PGM. AFTER WS-J FROM 1 BY 3 UNTIL WS-J > 20. 2 Feb 1, 2010 · 10 COLUMNS OCCURS 10 TIMES DEPENDING ON N. When using subscripts to address a table, use a binary (COMP) signed data item with eight or fewer digits (for example, using PICTURE S9(8) COMP for the data item). ws-string : Output string. INSPECT REPLACING: This format is used to replace Jan 7, 2012 · The syntax you are using is called Reference Modification. yn xs og lm uy cr mq vm se cx