2019 construction costs

2019 construction costs. 4%), Edmonton (+26. The construction costs percentage has been on an upward trajectory, but the latest quarterly growth matches the increases from the pre-pandemic levels of 2019. 6% year over year in the first quarter of 2022, surpassing the high (+21. 2019 California Standards for Accessible Design Guide (effective January 1, 2020 with July 1, 2021 amendments), (1) 11B-106. However, the average index for 2022, when compared to the average for 2021, is up 15. 16 in Q2 2017. Here's a look at the costs associated with each kind of popular home build: Modular or prefabricated home: $180,000–$360,000. HOW ENR BUILDS THE INDEX: 200 hours of common labor at the 20-city average of common labor rates, plus 25 cwt of standard structural steel prevent decreases in anticipated construction costs despite a slowdown of private sector building starts. 1, an increase of 45. RSMeans City Cost Index is a construction cost index by city for material and installation. The average new-construction home size is around 2,200 square feet, and the total average construction cost is $281,000. Included within each category are architectural, mechanical, electrical, plumbing and total costs. 9 per cent nationwide over the December quarter and is likely to slow Dec 24, 2019 · Philadelphia saw a record-setting year for construction in 2019, capping off a decade-long period of growth for the city’s real estate market. As noted in the report, the volatility in construction material prices experienced this year is unprecedented in contemporary history. you want to compare costs from city to city and region to region. We will continue to monitor construction May 1, 2021 · Unit Costs for Ancillary Facilities for Philippines 37 M & E Major Plant Costs for Philippines 39 Fit-out Costs for Philippines 41 Kitchen Equipment Cost for Philippines 44 2. As of March, the index had returned to roughly match the rapid growth pace in mid-2021 with most architectural firms reporting steady growth in both billed projects and new contracts. FIND YOUR NEAREST RLB OFFICE. Image courtesy of Rider Levett Bucknall. However, construction costs don’t increase at identical rates across Apr 3, 2019 · 2019 Construction Costs - BC Interior. Cities that showed the largest increases in year-over-year construction costs include Seattle at 6. 05 MB) Construction Cost Handbook - Malaysia download full pdf (3. 95. 5456) Amy Burk (515. 1 million. Financing Cost $12,192 1. Both overall and nonresidential construction costs remain 2. Linesight’s research highlights that on average, tender prices rose by approximately 6. 5% in 2024, but those same costs in Phoenix are expected to spike 6%. The current five year CCCI table is updated the 2nd half of the month for the current month. 5% avg for the last 4yrs. On average, builder profit is 9. 6%) and ENR. the concrete, and finishing of the top surface. 16%. 3% for 8 years 2013-2020. 88% and Non-residential buildings by 1. This comprehensive table includes location cost impacts for major cities within each region, presenting minimum, median, and maximum $/unit costs. Overhead and General Expenses $32,979 5. Dec 12, 2019 · In the past year alone, steel costs in the United States have increased 22. For more detailed information on predictive cost data, square foot models, or construction cost data, visit rsmeans. Adjusted Construction Cost; Definitions; Related Section Numbers. rlb. Source: U. While construction contractors surveyed generally said demand for many projects types should continue to Nov 30, 2023 · Square footage impacts cost. 7% since the recession bottom in 2011. 9% over the 2022 calendar year, the largest annual increase on record, excluding the period impacted by the introduction of the GST. Jun 29, 2023 · Anne Gaviola reports. Forecast residential inflation for the next three years is level at 3. 35 (3. A higher index indicates increased costs, while a lower one suggests relative stability or cost reductions. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Producer Price Index. We expect that the 2024 national range of reconstruction cost increases will be between 1–10%, which is moderate compared to construction cost increases in years past. Jan. Construction Inputs to Nonresidential Buildings dropped for five of of last six months, now down 5. Warehouse & Distribution Construction Cost Trends 2023-2024 | CBRE. 0% Aug 24, 2022 · Particleboard and fiberboard products’ cost is 99% higher now than in 2019. In addition, fuel surcharges are likely to go up on deliveries of materials and equipment, and hauling away of dirt, debris, and equipment from construction sites. Driver Cos. The Jan 16, 2023 · Australian construction costs hit new high, but signs of easing emerge. Costs and capacities are expressed in terms of net AC (alternating current) power available to the grid for the installed capacity. This version of Building Construction Costs with RSMeans data is now in its 76th year of publication. The AGC 2024 outlook noted that supply chains, though improving lately, are still far from normal. Profit $65,369 10. This special issue brief was prepared for the American Seniors Housing Association (ASHA) by Larry Graeve and Amy Burk of The Weitz Company. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA Trends in Construction Costs for Philippines 47 Construction Value 48 Construction Activity 49 Lead Time of Different Packages 50 Each month, AGC puts out tables and an explanation showing historical and recent changes in producer price indexes and employment cost indexes for construction materials, building types and subcontractor segments. employer cost portion of supplemental pay was $1. 1 points. (Table 13) The long-term trend of a decline in standardized costs continued, down 34. New home construction usually costs around $150 per square foot. 1, 2017, (1) ADJUSTED CONSTRUCTION COST 2019 Commercial Construction Costs Per Square Foot. Aug 14, 2019 · The Consumer Guide Cost Guidelines have now been published by the RIAI for 2019 to advise on the construction costs for domestic and commercial works. 8% Input costs for construction soared 27. Cost increases were particularly large in Romania, where they were more than six times as high in 2019 as they had been in 2000 (up 547 %); costs more than doubled in Latvia (up 170 %) and Hungary (up 147 %). In addition, fuel surcharges are likely to go up on deliveries of materials and equipment, and hauling away of dirt, debris and equipment from construction sites. 80. Sales Commission $23,080 3. It has averaged 5. The construction market, like many, experienced unprecedented inflationary headwinds in 2021, which continues to present unique challenges today. 03 MB) 1. I. When comparing it to a year later, May 2020, we see a drastic increase, from 130. 4% to 3. FREE CONSTRUCTION eBOOK. Those increases affect contractors directly in the cost of fuel for their off-road equipment and trucking fleets. Jul 17, 2019 · The table below shows the cost per square foot for constructing apartment buildings in 10 of the cities with the highest search volume on apartments. Cost per Unit. 5 Defined terms; 2016 California Standards for Accessible Design Pocket Guide - Eff. Energy Information Administration, Office of Electricity Feb 20, 2024 · Construction delays are coming in 2024. Discover all statistics and data on Construction costs in Europe now on statista. 37 MB) Q3 2019 May 10, 2022 · Seattle had the highest rate of increase at 10. harbert@us. 24% for Non-residential buildings. 240. The NAHB found that, on average, construction May 5, 2022 · Year-over-year growth in construction costs surpasses previous highs. ) Measured from the first quarter of 2012, constant-quality new-home prices have increased 29% (through the second quarter of 2019), while the cost of residential construction has Mar 22, 2022 · When using non-localized, national average cost data for 2021, the total estimated cost comes to $12. 1 to 175. 4%. “While 5-6% Apr 6, 2021 · The NAHB's 2019 construction cost survey looks at the various components that go into the price of a new home, based on responses from 49 builders. After grown 5. S. items of concrete work are presented. 5x the general inflation rate since 2019. When construction is very actively Quarterly Construction Cost Review Q4 2019 - Hong Kong and China download pdf (1. And buildings constructed through offsite Construction costs impacted by labor availability and equipment for large-scale projects. 6% for 2019 but averaged 5. Like this post? Keep up with us on Linkedin and Twitter. 0% in 2013 but dropped to 3. The 90% percentile cost of a building is: £3,960/m 2. e. 1 percent. The indexes for houses under construction are available monthly at the Jan 28, 2021 · The report also details indicative construction costs for eight building sectors in each city. com As of March 2022, the average weekly hours for nonresidential construction employees reached 41. 1 percent of the sales price goes to construction costs and 18. This page provides price indexes for single-family houses sold and for single-family houses under construction. Based on the Producer Price Index (PPI) basket of all goods used in construction (excluding energy), prices were up 41% in March 2022 from March 2020. Building Construction Costs With RSMeans Data 2019. Sep 5, 2019 · The relationship between construction costs and selling prices of constant-quality new homes turns out to be quite strong even in the short run. Overall, construction costs for the 12-month period through the end of August 2021 rose by 4. Associate. Compared to six months earlier, December, it went up 18. This falls squarely within the range of costs estimated by FHWA and other State DOTs for May 15, 2024 · The jump in April marks an increase in input prices for every month of 2024 so far. com. Total overnight capital costs of new electricity generating technologies by region. The highest cost for a building is: £7,690/m 2. Dec 16, 2019 · “Construction costs became much more manageable in 2019, and we expect this trend to continue into 2020,” Karl Kreutziger, president of C. W. Construction Cost Handbook - China & Hong Kong Download full pdf (2. 1 an increase of 9. 303 economic data series with tags: Inflation, Construction. There is a cautious but more optimistic view for 2022 as construction spending CONSTRUCTION COSTS FEBRUARY 2019 New York City’s cost of construction increased at the same rate between 2018 and 2017, roughly five percent. In-Place can be used; here, various. The 3/4 column shows that 75% of the projects had lower costs and 25% had higher. The cost shown were researched and obtained from a number of sources including registered architects working in the specific areas, government publications and associated building professionals. When estimating commercial construction costs, it considers the type of building you are looking to build, the location, based on the local economy. $1,325 $5,255 NA $3,808 $1,948 $6,293 NA $1,317 $1,781 Source: U. Residential buildings inflation (prior to 2021-2022) reached a post-recession high of 8. cents per gallon, as of June 21. It was only 3. Hawaii is the most expensive state to build, costing $431,364 for the average 2,100-square-foot home ($205 per square foot). New York City remains the highest cost of construction market in the United States, according to a New York Building Congress analysis of multiple cost indices. 7% F. that include the costs of all five major. 5 percent. Feb 11, 2019 · After falling 2 percent in 2018 to $31. Key inputs like iron, steel and lumber logging major increases. , total employer costs for workers’ compensation insurance were over one million dollars lower in 2019 than in 2018, despite the increase in the number of covered workers. Non-Cost Data Changes: RCT Express 4. Jan 7, 2019 · The modular construction market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 6. The source also adds Mar 19, 2019 · Prices Starting to Rise Again. contractors’ prospects, according to the most recent ConsTrack360 databook on the industry. As shown in Figure 5, the PPI for bid prices rose at the same rate as the PPI for inputs from September 2019 to September 2020, more Between 2000 and 2019, construction costs for this type of building work increased 52 % within the EU-27. construction costs by the end of this year due to a litany of pressures including labor shortages, inflation, supply chain disruptions, ongoing pandemic reverberations and the war in Ukraine. 5 MB) Quarterly Construction Cost Review Q4 2019 - Singapore download pdf (7. This data set is aimed primarily at estimating commercial and industrial projects or large multi-family housing projects costing $3,500,000 and up. Construction Cost Breakdown Average Share of Construction Cost Sep 28, 2023 · A Construction Cost Inflation Index measures changes in construction costs over time, usually relative to a base year with an index value of 100. Unit costs for over 15,000 work items, assembly costs for over 2,000 work Jul 20, 2019 · RLB’s National Construction Cost Index stood at 200. com is the bible of the construction industry, providing news and features about projects, products and people in construction, architecture and engineering. 3% following the various economic measures that are being implemented towards the end of 2018. 1, the highest since the Bureau of Labor Statistics began keeping track in 2006, and 18% higher than the overall private sector. While construction costs continue to slowly rise, development is hitting many interwoven roadblocks. 7 percent). ¡ Each building was analyzed as to total and component costs and percentages. 92 (3. In 2019, the index reflected a tempered view of the strong construction demand shown by the major bid cost indices, given the modest labor and material price gains as shown by the input cost indices. (See Figure 3. Apr 8, 2024 · A comparative cost index map of the annual percentage change between January 2023 and January 2024. 17 since peaking in 2003 at $1. Furthermore, the periodically adjusted tariffs that are being imposed 2019. Jan 17, 2024 · Nonresidential buildings inflation (prior to 2021-2022) averaged 3. 29%, and San Francisco at 7. and Canadian cities covering over 930 three-digit zip code locations, as. 2% since last December. Jan 1, 2018 · There is a newer edition of this item: Building Construction Costs With RSMeans Data 2020 (Means Building Construction Cost Data, 78) $109. It was the highest total of any year since L&I began the 2019 survey Construction costs in Auckland are the closest to the global median 3. 27. (60) Only 3 left in stock - order soon. These numbers range from $930 per square foot for general hospital space in Los Angeles and $800 per Jan 27, 2023 · The January 2023 cost data update reflects reconstruction cost changes in both labor and material. ft. NAHB’s most recent Construction Cost survey (conducted in the fall of 2019) shows that, on average, 61. Feb 21, 2024 · Construction costs in Chicago are predicted to rise 3. Edmonton 2. 9%) registered in the previous quarter. 5 Myths Keeping Your Construction Business from Growth & Profitability. Nov 28, 2023 · Cost Data Changes: CoreLogic® Underwriting Residential Valuation (Formerly RCT Express ®) The November 2023 cost data update reflects changes in reconstruction cost for labor and material. 286. The construction backlog in North America was more than nine Jul 20, 2021 · The average construction cost for onshore wind turbines was USD 1,391/kW in 2019, compared with USD 1,382/kW in 2018. Figure 30: Construction employment and wage change by period. 8% from April 2020 to August 2021 RSMeans City Cost Indexes (CCI) are an extremely useful tool for when. Read more. , tells GlobeSt. 0% Indianapolis 4. Dec 20, 2022 · 1-18-23 Construction Analytics PPI Tables and Building Cost Index. 2. Keep in mind that the costs outlined are based B. For residential construction, Honolulu has the second-highest costs in the nation behind New York, with the estimated cost to build a single-family home in Honolulu ranging from $280 per square foot at the low end to $535 per square foot at the high end. 1 million more on average this year. 8%, lower than the 4. 1 percent year-over-year increase in U. dollars more expensive than in 2019. However, a number of factors may make building a house or buying a new construction home more expensive – or harder to find – in 2023. The statewide average total project cost per lane-mile, including pre-construction costs for New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) capital projects completed from Fiscal Year 2013 through Fiscal Year 2016 was estimated to be $191,175. 4%, affecting average building costs. As a result, a $10 million project constructed in Phoenix in 2023 will The AIA’s Architecture Billings Index is an economic indicator for nonresidential construction activity, with a lead time of approximately 9-12 months. 1. This publication contains average construction cost indexes for 731 U. To access AGC’s historical tables please click here. 45pm. 2% higher, respectively, than a year ago Dec 19, 2023 · The December 2023 cost data update reflects changes in reconstruction cost for labor and material. RSMeans data from Gordian can be localized to more than 970 locations. taryn. 1 percent), nonproduction bonuses The Construction Costs decreased by 0. Total Construction Cost $392,241 60. 9% from $112. dollars in 2022, nearly 100,000 U. Keep in mind that these increases are occurring at a time when there has been relatively little inflation in the economy. COU: NYC Construction Costs 2019 Join NYBC Help forge a common agenda for New York City’s building industry, working with the overall design, construction and real estate community Producer Price Index by Commodity: Rental and Leasing of Goods (Partial): Construction, Mining, and Forestry Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing. 29% for Residential buildings and decreased by 0. 5% recorded by Linesight for 2018. View all. 7 billion in 2019, an increase of 1. Data are revised when additional information from national statistical authorities becomes available. Designed to esimate the cost of new . Heavy Construction Costs With Rsmeans Data 2019 (33rd Edition) by Derrick Hale (Editor) With Heavy Construction Costs, you get costs for all types of heavy construction — from highways, bridges, utilizes, rails and marine projects, to sanitary and storm sewer projects. 20%, Chicago at 6. listed directly under each city. The houses sold index incorporates the value of the land and is available quarterly at the national level and annually by region. The fi gures were arranged in ascending order with the results tabulated as shown. The index increased 11. Timber-framed home: $200–$250 per sq. The cost of steel mill products, some plastic piping, and softwood veneer and plywood have more than doubled since March 2020. For faster estimating, Subdivision 03 30 53. BLS also creates PPIs for inputs to construction--weighted averages of the cost of materials and services purchased for every type of project. 7%. Steel-framed home: $10–$15 per sq. The researchers did note, however, that over the course of 2023, general The data collected for the Mortenson Cost Index is showing an increase of 2. 0% Stockholm 2. 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 Apr 1, 2024 · The lowest cost for a building is: £480/m 2. 9% D. 8 in the same quarter a year earlier, and 182. Dec 13, 2019 · Commercial Construction Costs Per Square Foot 2019. x. The cost to build a new home varies across types, from $50 to $400 per square foot. As mentioned above, a key factor to consider when studying the evolution of construction costs in Ireland over the longer-term is the impact of the expiration of tax breaks in 2008. 5% in 2021, markedly above the 2%-4% historical Feb 28, 2020 · 2019 U. Shift differential costs were $0. 91 MB) Construction Cost Handbook - Singapore download full pdf (5. 40 for Concrete-. Non-Cost Data Changes: CoreLogic® Underwriting Residential Valuation (Formerly RCT Express ready-mix concrete, placement of. 2 percent) for nonproduction bonuses. Bureau of Labor Statistics, CBRE Strategic The Regulation (EU) No 2019/2152 of 27 November 2019 (European Business Statistics Regulation) calls for quarterly indices on construction costs for new residential buildings, excluding residences for communities. 5 percent, with material costs leading the way with a whopping increase of 23. The figure was significantly higher than the 7 Oct 18, 2021 · JLL’s H2 2021 Construction Outlook forecasts scant materials and labor availability continuing to constrain recovery through the first half of 2022, with worsening cost and labor conditions as Construction Costs for Selected Asian Cities 17 M&E Costs for Selected Asian Cities 23 Major Rates for Selected Asian Cities 429 Construction Cost Specification 35 2023 Outlook 41 Building Cost Trends in Hong Kong 47 Material Prices in Hong Kong Kong 51 Labour Index in Hong Kong 54 Labour Wages in Hong Kong 55 Dec 29, 2022 · Real Estate Witch, a partner of real estate education platform Clever, estimates the median price to build a house from scratch in 2023 is $446,000, not including the price of land. 0% Vancouver 5. The 1/4 column shows that 25% of the projects had lower costs and 75% had higher. 06 MB) Construction Cost Handbook - Philippines Download full pdf (4. Forces such as inflation are having an impact on U. 6% G. The 25% quartile cost of a building is: £1,810/m 2. The cost of building a home has risen by its slowest quarterly pace in a year, climbing by just 1. But here’s an important note. CONSTRUCTION COST DATA Construction Cost Specification 12 Kuala Lumpur Construction Cost Trend (2008 - 2018) 14 Construction Costs for Kuala Lumpur 16 Construction Costs for Johor Bahru 18 Construction Costs for Penang 20 Mar 20, 2023 · The default state of the construction industry at the beginning of 2023 involves relatively high material costs and expenses. The median cost of a building is: £2,360/m 2. New CBRE index indicates that cost escalation will increase in 2022, moderate in 2023 and 2024. 0% II. 5% in 2019, a moderation of the 7. CONSTRUCTION COST DATA Construction Cost Specification 12 Kuala Lumpur Construction Cost Trend (2008 - 2018) 14 Construction Costs for Kuala Lumpur 16 Construction Costs for Johor Bahru 18 Construction Costs for Penang 20 Apr 11, 2019 · Construction costs in San Francisco, according to management and consulting firm Turner & Townsend’s "2019 International Construction Market Survey,” were the highest in the world at the end Feb 1, 2019 · Senior Living Construction Costs Brief (Winter 2019) February 1, 2019 / Market Reports. In February this year, the price of particleboard and fiberboard products have seen one of the biggest material price hikes in the past few years, with the cost increasing by 61% from December 2021 until March 2022, reaching their all-time high price levels. 2 billion, the real value of bridge and tunnel construction work is expected to increase to $31. office construction costs were on the rise, according to the Fourth Quarter 2019 North America Quarterly Construction Cost Report by Rider Levett Bucknall. 55 in the second quarter of 2019, up from 189. 3% to USD 1,252/kW. Prev. 5%/yr since 2013. increases affect contractors directly in the cost of fuel for their offroad equipment and trucking fleets. 4822) Ben Bruns (515. 0% San Francisco 6. Seventy-fourth edition titled: RSMeans building construction cost data. 3% to $1,252/kW. Next. Nationally, Ken Simonson, chief economist with the Associated General Contractors of America, said he expects construction costs to rise from 4 percent to 6 percent by the end of 2019 after softening in mid to late-2018. Data Source: U. FRED: Download, graph, and track economic data. Employer supplemental pay costs for natural resources, construction, and maintenance workers averaged $1. – Jun 15, 2023. Increased 2019 OUTLOOK. San Francisco ($417/SF) recently surpassed New York City ($368/SF) as the most expensive city in which to build (The Real Deal: New York Real Estate News, 2019). Note that these figures reflect construction costs exclusively, excluding land acquisition, professional fees, permits, FF&E, soft costs, and sitework. 2% since June, but still up 7. 5 percent to finished lot costs. 8%. 8% C. Jul 16, 2021 · The average construction cost for onshore wind turbines was $1,391/kW in 2019, compared with $1,382/kW in 2018. The cost of homebuilding in Canada has soared since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, a new RBC report shows, just as the country is attempting to in the period to 2013, gross construction costs did not decline and instead remained broadly flat (Figure 1). The city’s Department of Licenses and Inspections issued more than 2,100 new construction permits in 2019 for projects of all shapes and sizes. CBRE forecasts a 14. This index incorporates the three key cost components to provide a comprehensive view of construction costs that can also be statistically modeled to estimate future escalation. For additional information, please contact: Larry Graeve (515. Jan 16, 2023 · Jan 16, 2023 – 3. 2 million, meaning that the identical structure would cost a builder over $1. Construction Cost Index History Apr 6, 2023 · The average construction cost of a single-family home in the United States was about 392,000 U. Construction Price Indexes. “We’re sort of at the low point of a wave that is about to rise up again,” Simonson said. 1. 1% E. CoreLogic’s Cordell Construction Cost Index (CCCI) ended the year at a new high, climbing 11. Marketing Cost $4,268 0. 3% Input costs for construction Oct 7, 2021 · The numbers tell the story. Find the most current data on U. 4 billion today to $157 billion by 2023. com! Premium Statistic Average price per 1 sqm of non-residential premises in Poland 2019 -2022, by type Feb 15, 2018 · Nonresidential inflation, after hitting 5% in both 2018 and 2019, is forecast for the next three years to fall from 4. 9% nationally for the fourth quarter of 2021. The MMH Historical Depreciation table has been Up until year end 2019, reflecting the gradual recovery of the construction industry, tender price increases have considerably outpaced those of construction input costs. The average construction cost for wind farms with more than 200 megawatts of capacity, which accounted for the largest share of wind capacity additions in 2019, decreased by 1. One of the most common questions we are asked is how much does it cost to build a custom designed home? While the numbers can vary widely based on the type of construction and level of finish, the reality is that building comes with a cost. 2 to 175. Six-year 2014-2019 average is 4. Building construction costs for residential construction in the 11-CMA composite rose 22. 79%. Construction costs for building a modern distribution facility have grown at 2. 05 (0. 94% due to the decreased of the Residential buildings by 0. 1% from April. 8% to $1. Add in that the homes we design are customized for your personal Construction Cost Index History - As of April 2024. 1 percent of the sales price. The 75% quartile cost of a building is: £2,950/m 2. Upon comparing the index in Third Quarter 2019 to the same period of 2018, Noted the Constructions Costs decreased by 0. 5% in 2015. 3% and 2. Building the house is just one part of your overall costs. When updating to 2022 data, the cost jumps to $13. For multifamily properties such as Apr 13, 2023 · The average cost to build a 2,100-square-foot home is less than $300,000 in six states, all in the South: Mississippi, Arkansas, Alabama, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Florida. +1 602 443 4848. For May 2021, nonresidential buildings index at 175. It helps assess how construction expenses, including materials and labor, have risen or fallen. The California Construction Cost Index (CCCI) is developed based upon Building Cost Index (BCI) cost indices average for San Francisco and Los Angeles ONLY as produced by Engineering News Record (ENR) and reported in the second issue each month. 24. 9 points, from 156. The 2019 project costs are broken down into 28 categories or building types for ease of use. 1% Total Sales Price $644,750 100. The largest increases were in Calgary (+31. Following a year of economic volatility over the course of 2018, Indonesia’s economy is predicted to remain weak in 2019. 08 MB) Construction Cost Handbook - Vietnam Download full pdf (7. Standardized costs in this release reflect localized, updated costs representing the impact of emerging markets and economic trends on construction costs. 2% in 2018, it is expected that Indonesia’s economy will grow by 5. qi rg qv vk mh jm hc fl xn es